Akahise ka Ruleti
Akahise ka ruleti gaca mu kigeragezo c'ubugenge catsinzwe, mu cumba c'imikino c'i Paris, mu bavukanyi babiri bo mu gisagara c'amazi akiza c'Ubudage, no muri kazino yagize akazu kamwe k'icatsi kibisi ikigereranyo c'i Buraya.
Imbere y'uruziga
- 1654
Pascal na Fermat: ingorane y'amanota; agaciro kitezwe.
Agaciro Kitezwe muri Ruleti - 1655Uruziga rutagira intumbero
Blaise Pascal, mu gihe yarondera imashini izunguruka ubudahagarara, yubaka uruziga ruzunguruka ruringaniye neza. Imashini iranka; uruziga rugasigara nk'igikoresho kitagira ugukwegana kandi gisa n'icitwararika impfindo.
Blaise Pascal: Umugani w'Uruziga rwa Ruleti - 1657
Huygens asohora igitabu ca mbere ku vyitezwe.
- 1713
Jakob Bernoulli, Ars Conjectandi: itegeko ry'ibitigiri vyinshi.
Ugushikana mu Gihe Kirekire: Itegeko ry'Ibitigiri Vyinshi muri Ruleti - imyaka ya 1740Roly-poly na E.O.
Inzu z'imikino zo mu Bwongereza zizunguruka inziga zifise utuzu tw'igiharuro n'utw'igiharwe. Iyo mikino irabuzwa incuro nyinshi, bigatuma imico yayo yimukira ku mugabane w'i Buraya.
Ni Nde Yahimbye Ruleti? Inkomoko ya Ruleti - 1754
d’Alembert asohora ikosa ryaje kwitirirwa izina ryiwe nk'uburyo bwo gutega.
Ingendo ya D'Alembert muri Ruleti - 1758
Ubufaransa Bushasha (Quebec) bubuza ibiziga, hoca, faro na “roulette”: kimwe mu vyanditswe vya kera vyerekana iryo zina ry'umukino wo gutega.
- imyaka ya 1760
“Martingale” yinjira mu mizinga y'amajambo y'igifaransa nk'ijambo ry'abatezi.
Ingendo ya Martingale muri Ruleti
Umukino
- 1796Paris, Palais-Royal
Igitabo c'inkuru ca Jaques Lablée, La Roulette, kidondora uruziga rufise utuzu tubiri twa kazino, 0 na 00, mu nzu y'imikino yo muri Palais-Royal. Ni co cidondoro cuzuye ca mbere c'umukino w'iki gihe.
Ruleti mu Bitabu vy'Inkuru - imyaka ya 1800
Inziga z'Amerika zongerako akazu k'inkukuma: inomero zitatu za kazino.
Uruziga n'Amategeko vya Ruleti y'Amerika - 1837
Ubufaransa bubuza amakazino; umukino wimukira mu migi y'amazi akiza y'Ubudage.
- 1841
Abavukanyi Blanc bahabwa uruhusha rwa Bad Homburg.
François Blanc - 1843Bad Homburg
François na Louis Blanc bugurura kazino muri ico gisagara c'amazi akiza c'Ubudage bagakuraho zeru zibiri. Uruziga rwa zeru imwe rugabanya inyungu ya kazino ku gice, rugakwega abakinyi bava mu bindi bibanza bihiganwa.
Bad Homburg n'Amakazino yo mu Mihana y'Amazi Ashushe - 1863Monte Carlo
Ugutega kumaze kubuzwa mu Budage bwose, Blanc afata kazino yari irushe yo muri Monako. Monte Carlo ihinduka ikigereranyo ca ruleti y'i Buraya; zeru imwe ihinduka ikiranga cayo gisanzwe.
Ruleti ya Monte Carlo - 1866
Dostoevsky, The Gambler.
Roulettenburg ya Dostoevsky - 1868
Inzira ya gari ya moshi kuva i Nice gushika i Monte Carlo.
Casino de Monte-Carlo - 1869
Monako ikuraho ikori ku nyungu.
- 1872
Prusiya yugara amakazino y'Ubudage.
Abakinyi n'ibigeragezo
- imyaka ya 1870
Labouchère amenyekanisha i Londres uburyo bwo gufuta.
Ingendo ya Labouchère muri Ruleti - nko mu 1880Uruziga rwa Jagger
Joseph Jagger, umudandaza w'imyenda wo muri Yorkshire, yandikisha ivyavuye ku nziga za Monte Carlo maze agatega ku nomero ziza kenshi birenze. Atsinda amahera menshi cane; kazino ihindura ibibanza vy'inziga zayo, hanyuma ikazisubiriza.
Joseph Jagger: Ingendo yo Gutega muri Ruleti i Monte Carlo - 1891Umugabo yamaraho amahera ya kazino
Charles Wells amaraho amajetoni y'ameza incuro nyinshi mu misi mikeya, bigatuma haririmbwa indirimbo yo mu nzu z'imyidagaduro. Amatohoza ntiyasanga uburyo na bumwe, uretse amahirwe gusa n'ubuhendanyi bwakozwe ahandi hanyuma.
Umugabo Yamaze Amahera ya Kazino - 1900
Pearson asohora igerageza rya chi-square akoresheje ivyavuye mu kuzunguruka i Monte Carlo.
Igeragezwa rya Chi-Square - 1907
Ubufaransa bwongera kwemera amakazino mu migi y'amazi akiza no ku nkengera y'ikiyaga c'umunyu.
- 1913
Inomero zirabura 26 zikurikiranye i Monte Carlo.
Ikosa ry'Umutezi - 1931
Nevada yemera ugutega mu makazino.
Inziga za Ruleti z'i Las Vegas - imyaka ya 1940
Ulam na von Neumann bita izina uburyo bwa Monte Carlo.
- 1953
Fleming, Casino Royale: Bond ategera imirwi ibiri kuri ruleti.
Ingendo ya James Bond muri Ruleti - 1961
Thorp na Shannon bubaka orudinateri ya mbere ya ruleti yambarwa.
Orudinateri za Ruleti - 1965
Dubins na Savage berekana ko gutega ku bushizi bw'amanga ari vyo vyiza mu mikino itaringaniye.
- 1969
Inyigo ya Thorp isigura igituma nta buryo bwo gutega butsinda umukino ufise agaciro kitezwe kari musi ya zeru.
Umugani: Ingendo yo Gutega muri Ruleti Itsinda Imisi Yose - 1977–81
Orudinateri zinyegejwe z'aba Eudaemons muri Nevada: mu kwaha mu 1978, mu kirato mu 1981.
Abitwa Eudaemons - 1985
Nevada igira icaha ibikoresho vyo guharura. Bass asohora The Eudaemonic Pie.
Uguhenda muri Ruleti
Umukino w'ubu
- ikinjana ca 20Kuva mu bisagara vy'amazi akiza gushika kuri TV
Ruleti ishika i Las Vegas zeru zibiri zisubijweho, hanyuma ku meza ya RNG yo kuri interineti mu myaka ya 1990, no ku nziga zo mu masitudiyo zerekanwa imbonankubone mu myaka ya 2000.
Ruleti y'i Buraya na Ruleti y'Amerika - imyaka ya 1990
Umuryango García-Pelayo ukoresha inziga zibogamye hafi ya Madrid; barabuzwa kwinjira; amasentare akuraho ukwo kubuzwa (2004).
Gonzalo García-Pelayo: Uburyo bwo Gutega muri Ruleti - 1996
Amakazino ya mbere yo kuri interineti afise ruleti ya RNG.
Ruleti y'Imbonankubone na Ruleti ya RNG - 2003–06
Ruleti ya croupier w'imbonankubone yerekanwa ivuye muri sitidiyo; Riga na Malta biba ibicumbi.
Ukuntu Ruleti y'Imbonankubone Ikora - 2004
Umurwi wo kuri Ritz utsinda £1,3m mu guharura aho umupira uzoshika; laser yavuzwe ntiyigeze iboneka; nta rubanza.
Gukina Ushaka Inyungu muri Ruleti - 2005
UK Gambling Act: uruhusha rwuzuye rw'ugutega kure.
Ruleti mu Bwongereza - 2012
Small na Tse basohora ubumenyi bw'inguvu bwo guharura ruleti.
Ubumenyi bw'Inguvu bw'Uruziga rwa Ruleti - 2013
New Jersey itangura amakazino yo kuri interineti agengwa n'amategeko.
Ruleti muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Amerika - 2016
Ruleti ya zeru zitatu ku Las Vegas Strip.
Ruleti ya Zeru Zitatu - 2018
Ibuzwa rya leta nkuru ya Amerika ku gutega ku mikino ry'urukino rirakurwaho; intara zishiraho amategeko.
- 2021
Ubudage n'Ubuholandi bitanga uruhusha ku mikino ya kazino yo kuri interineti.
Ruleti i Buraya - 2026
Uru rubuga: amatariki yose ari hejuru, hamwe n'imibare yayo.
Umurongo umwe uhambaye
Mu binjana bibiri n'igice, ugushoboka kwa ruleti kwahindutse rimwe gusa kugirira akamaro umukinyi (1843, zeru imwe ikurwaho) n'incuro zibiri kumuhombya (inkukuma mu myaka ya 1800, zeru zitatu mu 2016). Ibindi vyose, uburyo bwo gutega, orudinateri, sitidiyo, amatara, vyasize imibare nk'uko Lablée yayisanze: 36/n − 1 ku ruziga rufise akazu kamwe kuruta ivyo.
Ibibazo
Iya Pascal. Amagerageza yiwe y'uruziga ni ay'ukuri; isano na ruleti ni iy'imigenzo.
Mu kinjana ca 19; urukurikirane rw'i Buraya rukoreshwa ubu rwari rusanzwe mu gihe ca Monte Carlo.
Birashoboka ko izoba iy'amategeko. Uruziga rwararangiye.
Agakuru ko gutwenga
Ibinjana bibiri n'igice, iterambere rimwe, isubira inyuma ribiri, inkuru nyinshi.
Aho Twakuye
- Schwartz, D. G. Roll the Bones: The History of Gambling.
- Kavanagh, T. M. Dice, Cards, Wheels: A Different History of French Culture.
- Bass, T. A. The Eudaemonic Pie.
- Thorp, E. O. “Optimal gambling systems for favorable games.”
- Chellel, K. “The Gambler Who Beat Roulette.”
- Shelley, R. Roulette Wheel Study.