Joseph Jagger: Ingendo yo Gutega muri Ruleti i Monte Carlo

Ivyo ivyanditswe vyerekana

Joseph Hobson Jagger yavutse ku wa 2 Nyakanga 1830 i Shelf, hagati ya Bradford na Halifax. Yarongoye Matilda Townend afise imyaka mirongo ibiri kandi baronka abana bane. Yakoze mu rudandaza rw'imyenda ubuzima bwiwe bwose: nk'umukozi w'ububiko, nk'umufatanyabikorwa mu ruganda rutunganya ubudodo, nk'umutunganya w'imyenda i Manchester. Ibarura ry'abantu ryo mu 1861 rimwita umukozi w'urudandaza rw'ipamba n'imyenda kandi intumbero yiwe yo mu 1881 imwita umukozi w'uruganda. Nta nyandiko n'imwe imwita umuhinga w'imashini. Iryo jambo, na “mechanic”, biva mu bitabu vyerekeye Monte Carlo.

Muri Ndamukiza 1860 urudandaza rwiwe rw'i Manchester rwarahombotse, kandi London Gazette yamushize mu bafise imyenda badashobora kuriha bari bategerezwa kwumvirizwa ku Lancaster Castle. Umwana wiwe muto kuruta abandi yari afise imyaka ibiri. Uwanditse ubuzima bwiwe Anne Fletcher, umwuzukuruza wiwe wo mu ruvyaro rwa kane akaba n'umwanditsi wa kahise k'umurage, yasanze ayo matangazo kandi asanga umuryango ukiriha imyenda inyuma y'imyaka cumi n'itanu. Ntiyasanze ugusenyuka kw'urudandaza mu 1880 canke 1881, naho ibinyamakuru bimwe vyabishize ngaho kuva ico gihe.

Inkuru nk'uko yacapuwe ubwa mbere

Inkuru ya kera kuruta izindi ni Monte Carlo Anecdotes and Systems of Play ya Victor Bethell (1901). Bethell amwita “Jaggers”, Umunyayorkshire kandi umuhinga w'imashini mu mwuga, ntatanga izina ryiwe rya mbere canke umwaka. Mu nkuru yiwe Jaggers yahaye akazi abanditsi batandatu, abicaza ku meza atandukanye ngo bandike inomero yose umunsi wose, maze inyuma y'ukwezi asanga ubumuga mu ruziga rwose. We n'abantu biwe batsinze £120.000. Kazino yatanguye kwimura inziga kuva ku meza gushika ku yandi buri joro, maze Jaggers akazitandukanya akoresheje ibimenyetso bitoyi, akaravo canke akadomo mu rwamwa. Yahombeye £40.000 muri ivyo yatsinze maze agenda afise nka £80.000, ivyo kuri francs 25 ku pound imwe yo muri ico gihe bikaba ari miliyoni zibiri za francs. Itariki yonyene Bethell atanga ni uko ivyo vyose vyabaye “harenga imyaka mirongo ibiri”.

Bethell yandika hamaze guca imyaka mirongo ibiri ivyo bibaye kandi nta cabona n'umwe avuga. Fletcher yarondeye mu binyamakuru vy'aho, vy'igihugu n'ivy'ibindi bihugu ntiyasanga inkuru y'iryo tsinzi, kandi igihe se yandikira kazino yabwiwe ko impapuro zayo zo muri ico gihe zari zaratituwe.

Ukuntu inkuru yakuze

Umwanditsi wese wo inyuma yongeyeko ikintu, kandi ivyo vyongeweko ni vyo abantu benshi bazi.

Igihe yari ahari

Fletcher ashira urugendo rwa mbere mu 1880 canke 1881 yishimikiye ivyemezo bine. Jagger ntari mu rugo rwiwe mu ibarura ry'abantu ryo muri Ndamukiza 1881, aho umugore wiwe yanditswe nk'umukuru w'urugo. Amasezerano yo muri Nyandagaro 1881 amuvuga ari ku 6 Greaves Street, Bradford, inzu yaguze muri uwo mwaka, kandi muri Gitugutu yakoze intumbero y'umuntu atunze. Icemezo ca kane ni ikintu conyene kikiriho, urufunguzo rw'urwibutso ruri mu gasandugu k'ingabire, rubitswe mu muryango. Ivyanditseko, bivuye ku “bagenzi n'abamushima”, bivuga itsinzi ryiwe kuri ruleti barwanya banki y'i Monte Carlo “ryamaze igihe c'imyaka ine”, kandi vyanditseko itariki ya 1 Rusama 1884.

Fletcher abibona nk'ingendo nyinshi hagati ya 1880 na 1884 nk'uko, si indwi imwe. Igihe yamaze araba, n'igihe yamaze akina, ntivyanditswe ahantu na hamwe.

Abo bajanye

Abanditsi batandatu ba Bethell nta kibashigikira, kandi Fletcher avuga ko iyo nzu yari ifise ameza ya ruleti ane canke atanu gusa muri ico gihe. Umugenzo umwe w'umuryango, wanditswe n'umugenzi yari yabonye amabaruwa yatituwe inyuma, uvuga ko umuhungu wiwe w'imfura Alfred yajanye na we. Fletcher yongerako umwisengeneza, Oates Jagger, uwatwara gari ya moshi, yishimikiye itunga yaronse inyuma ritasiguwe; ivyo ni ivyo yiyumvira. Uwundi muryango wo muri bene wabo wamye uvuga ko yajanye n'umukuru w'abakozi biwe. Amahera y'urugendo yatijwe ku bo mu muryango, umwe muri bo, mwene wabo, avugwa ko yasubijwe.

Ivyo kazino yakoze

Aha na ho Bethell ni we nkomoko ya mbere. Avuga ko kazino yatanguye mu kwimura inziga kuva ku meza gushika ku yandi buri joro, maze ivyo biranse irungika umuntu ku sosiyete y'i Paris yazikora. Iyo sosiyete yubatse inziga nshasha zifise inkuta z'utuzu zishobora kwimurwa, ku buryo akazuibikoreshoAkazuKimwe mu bibanza 37 bifise inomero kuri rotor. Kandi bita: slot, cup.Soma vyose → kari kari ahateganye na zeruuruzigaZeruAkazu kamwe k'icatsi kibisi kadapfukwa n'itego rya rimwe kuri rimwe, ry'umurwi canke ry'inkingi; ni yo soko y'inyungu ya kazino. Kandi bita: zeru imwe, 0.Soma vyose → umunsi umwe gashobora kuba ahandi bukeye. Polovtsoff, yari umukuru wa International Sporting Club y'i Monte Carlo mu myaka ya 1930, avuga nk'ivyo nyene: inziga nshasha zifise ibice bishobora gusimburana, bivangwa buri munsi. Inziga za kera zarasubirijwe, ntizasanwe.

Isuzuma ry'uruziga rwose buri gitondo hakoreshejwe igipimo c'uburinganire rirazwi neza. Adolphe Smith yararivyiboneye nko mu 1912, kandi Polovtsoff aridondora mu 1937. Nta n'umwe muri bo avuga ko ryatanguye na Jagger, kandi nta nyandiko ya kazino ihuza n'umwe muri izo ngingo na we.

Casino de Monte-CarloGupima Uruziga n'Amaboko

Ukuntu ukubogama gutegerezwa kuba kunini

Ingendo yo gutega ya Joseph Jagger kuri ruleti, nk'uko inkuru ibivuga, yari ugutega inomero uruziga rutonesha, kandi ivyo bizana inyungu gusa iyo urugero rurenzwe. Straight upitegoStraight upInomero imwe gusa, iriha 35:1.Soma vyose → iriha 35 kuri 1, ku buryo inomero itegerezwa gutsinda kenshi kuruta incuro imwe ku kuzunguruka 36 imbere y'uko itego kuri yo rigira ico rizana. Ku ruziga ruringaniye rwa zeru imwe itsinda incuro imwe kuri 37.

Dufate ko abanditsi banditse uruziga rumwe mu kwezi kumwe ku kuzunguruka 500 ku munsi: ukuzunguruka 15.000. Inomero iringaniye yoza nk'incuro 405, wongeyeko canke ukuyeko 20. Inomero yoza incuro 465 yoba iri imbere y'ivyo “wongeyeko canke ukuyeko” bitatu, ikintu amahirwe gusa ataba hafi na rimwe atanga. Inomero nk'iyo itsinda nk'incuro imwe ku kuzunguruka 32, kandi itego kuri yo rizana 11,6%: amajetoniamaheraJetoniIkimenyetso gihagararira amahera adahinduka, gishirwa ku kibaho c'amatego kugira ngo utege. Kandi citwa: check.Soma vyose → 36 agaruka kuri 32,3 yatezwe. Ukwezi kumwe kw'uguharura n'ukwihangana kurakwiye kugira ngo usange ikosa ringana rityo, kandi ntikwokwira kugira ngo usange irito cane kuruta. Ukuzunguruka 500 ku munsi ni ivyiyumviro gusa ku bw'iri haruro; nta n'umwe yanditse ukuntu ayo meza yihuta.

Ingene Icitegererezo KinganaItego rya Straight Up muri Ruleti

Inyuma y'aho

Jagger ntiyaguze ingoro. Mu 1881 yaguze 6 Greaves Street i Little Horton, Bradford, kandi mu myaka cumi nk'uko yakurikiye, nk'uko Fletcher abiharura, nibura amazu mirongo itatu n'abiri afatanye yari hafi aho, ayakodesha canke akabamwo n'abo mu muryango. Yiyumvira ko yahaye nka kimwe ca gatatu c'amahera abagabo babiri bajanye na we. Nta kimenyetso cerekana ko yigeze amenyesha rubanda iryo tsinzi. Yapfiriye ku 25 Greaves Street ku wa 25 Ndamukiza 1892, afise imyaka 61; icemezo c'urupfu kivuga diyabete. Yashinguwe kuri Bethel Chapel i Shelf, hafi y'aho yavukiye. Agaciro nyakuri k'itunga ryiwe kari £1.710.

Indirimbo

“The Man Who Broke the Bank at Monte Carlo” yaririmbwe ubwa mbere mu 1892, umwaka Jagger yapfiriyemwo, kandi umuryango wiwe wamaze igihe kirekire wiyumvira ko yari imwerekeye. Si ko vyari. Fred Gilbert yayanditse inyuma y'urukurikirane rw'itsinzi rwa Charles Wells rwo mu 1891, rwuzuye ibinyamakuru (raba The Man Who Broke the Bank). Charles Kingston yavuze ivyo nyene mu 1925: icubahiro cagiye ku muhenzi yaje inyuma y'Umunyayorkshire.

Ibibazo