Ikibazo: Uruziga rw'Imisi y'Amavuka
Ukuzunguruka kungana gute imbere y'uko inomero imwe isubiramwo? Ni bike cane kuruta ivyo abantu benshi bakeka.
Ikibazo c'ivyavukiye ku ruziga rufise utuzuibikoreshoAkazuKimwe mu bibanza 37 bifise inomero kuri rotor. Kandi bita: slot, cup.Soma vyose → 37: inyuma y'ukuzunguruka 8 gusa, ugushoboka kw'uko inomero imwe yamaze kuboneka incuro zibiri kuruta igice. Abakinyi babona ugusubiramwo nk'ingendo; ariko ni ivyitezwe ku ruziga rutabogamye.
Ikibazo
Zunguruka uruziga rutabogamye rwa ruleti y'i Buraya. Ukuzunguruka kungana gute gushika ugushobokaimibareUgushobokaUgushoboka kw'ivyavuyemwo, kuva kuri 0 gushika kuri 1 canke 0% gushika 100%. Inomero imwe: 1/37 = 2,70%.Soma vyose → kw'uko nibura ukuzunguruka kubiri kwerekanye inomero imwe kurenga igice? Abakinyi benshi bakeka hafi 18 canke 19, igice ca 37. Inyishu ni 8.
Inyishu
Harura ugushoboka kw'uko nta gusubiramwo kubaho maze ugukure kuri rimwe. Inyuma y'ukuzunguruka k, p(vyose bitandukanye) = (37/37)(36/37)(35/37)…((38 − k)/37). Kuri k = 8: 1 × 0,973 × 0,946 × 0,919 × 0,892 × 0,865 × 0,838 × 0,811 ≈ 0,44, ku buryo p(hari ugusubiramwo) ≈ 0,56. Kuri k = 14 ni 0,93; kuri k = 20 ni 0,996. Ivyiyumviro bihuba kubera ko igitigiri c'imirwi y'ukuzunguruka kubiri gukura nka k², kandi umurwi uwo ari wo wose urashobora guhurirana.
Igituma bihambaye ku meza
Ikibaho c'ivyavuyemwo cerekana inomero 20 za nyuma kizohora cerekana nibura ugusubiramwo kumwe, kenshi kabiri canke gatatu. Abakinyi babona ngo “17 yaje incuro zibiri mu kuzunguruka cumi” bagaca bemeza ko 17 ishushe; uguharura kw'ikibazo c'ivyavukiye kuvuga ko ugusubiramwo mu kuzunguruka cumi kuba incuro 74% kandi inomero isubiramwo ari iy'impfindo. Ingendo ni iy'ukuri; insiguro yayo si yo.
Ikibazo gikurikira
Ukuzunguruka kungana gute gushika inomero runaka, nk'akarorero 17, yerekanywe incuro zibiri? Ico ni ikibazo gitandukanye gifise inyishu nini cane: igihe citezwe co kurindira ni ukuzunguruka 74, kandi ugushoboka kwo kubona 17 incuro zibiri mu kuzunguruka 20 ni hafi 10%. Itandukaniro hagati ya “inomero imwe isubiramwo” (ukuzunguruka 8) na “iyi nomero isubiramwo” (ukuzunguruka 74) ni ryo tandukaniro ryose hagati y'ingendo ubona inyuma n'ukuzimiza ukora imbere.
Bigerageze
Kina Umukino w'Ikigereranyo mu kuzunguruka cumi maze urabe kahise. Akenshi hazoba hariho ugusubiramwo. Wusubiremwo. Inomero isubiramwo izoba itandukanye. Bikore incuro cumi uzoba wabonye ikibazo c'ivyavukiyeimibareIkibazo c'imisi y'amavukaAbantu bangahe bakenewe kugira ngo babiri bashobora gusangira umusi w'amavuka, canke ukuzunguruka kungahe imbere y'uko inomero ishobora gusubira. Ku ruziga rw'utuzu 37, ukuzunguruka 8 kurakwira kugira ngo ugushoboka kurenze kimwe c'igice.Soma vyose →; bikore incuro igihumbi (ibikoresho vyo kwigana birabishobora) uzoba wagipimye.
Ingingo y'imibare
Ibibazo
Ni kimwe neza, n'utuzu 37 aho kuba imisi 365. Abantu 23 batanga 50% ku vyavukiye; ukuzunguruka 8 gutanga 56% ku ruziga.
50% inyuma y'ukuzunguruka nka 19. Biracari ibisanzwe.
Oya. Ukuzunguruka ibihumbi vy'uruziga rumwe kwovyerekana; ugusubiramwo ntikwigera kubyerekana.
Twinezwe n'Imibare
Banza ubigerageze wewe nyene. Inyishu yose irapfutse; yugurure igihe witeguye.
Ikibaho c'ivyavuyemwo kiri iruhande y'uruziga rw'Amerika cerekana ukuzunguruka 16 kwa nyuma. Ugushoboka kw'uko nta nomero iboneka kabiri kuri co kungana iki?
Erekana inyishu
Inyishu Hafi 2,5%: nk'ibibaho 39 muri 40 vyerekana nibura inomero imwe isubiyemwo.
Genda ukuzunguruka ku kundi. Ukuzunguruka kwa mbere gushobora kuba ikintu cose. Ukwa kabiri gutegerezwa kuguhusha: ugushoboka 37 muri 38. Ukwa gatatu gutegerezwa guhusha ukwo kwompi: 36 muri 38. Ukwa cumi na gatandatu gutegerezwa guhusha inomero cumi n'eshanu: 23 muri 38.
Kuba: 38/38 × 37/38 × 36/38 × … × 23/38 ≈ 0,0246.
Ikibaho kitagira inomero isubiyemwo ni co kidakunze kuboneka. Ikibaho gifise inomero isubiyemwo nta co kivuga ku ruziga.
Mu kuzunguruka icumi kw'uruziga rw'i Buraya, ugushoboka kw'uko 17 ivamwo incuro zitanu neza kungana iki? Kw'uko inomero imwe, iyo ari yo yose, ivamwo incuro zitanu canke zirenga? Kandi kw'uko inomero imwe ivamwo nibura incuro zitatu mu kuzunguruka kune?
Erekana inyishu
Inyishu 17 incuro zitanu neza: 1 muri 315.576. Inomero imwe incuro zitanu canke zirenga: hafi 1 muri 8.333. Inomero imwe incuro zitatu canke zirenga mu kuzunguruka kune: 1 muri 349.
17 incuro zitanu: hitamwo ukuzunguruka gutanu muri cumi, uburyo 252, bwose bufise ugushoboka kwa (1/37)⁵ × (36/37)⁵. Hamwe, 1 muri 315.576.
Inomero imwe iyo ari yo yose: inomero yose muri 37 ifise ugushoboka kwa 1 muri 308.325 kwo gufatwa incuro zitanu canke zirenga, ivyo bitanga 37 muri 308.325, canke 1 muri 8.333. Igihe kidakunze kubaho c'inomero zibiri zifashwe incuro zitanu kuri imwe yose kiharurwa kabiri, ariko kugikuramwo nta co guhindura kuri ubu butungane.
Incuro zitatu mu kuzunguruka kune: ku nomero imwe, 4 × 36 + 1 = 145 mu vyavuyemwo 37⁴ bishoboka; ku nomero iyo ari yo yose muri 37, 145/37³ = 1 muri 349.
Ku ruziga rwa zeruuruzigaZeruAkazu kamwe k'icatsi kibisi kadapfukwa n'itego rya rimwe kuri rimwe, ry'umurwi canke ry'inkingi; ni yo soko y'inyungu ya kazino. Kandi bita: zeru imwe, 0.Soma vyose → zibiri, ibitigiri bihuye ni 1 muri 359.275, 1 muri 9.243 na 1 muri 368. Itandukaniro riri hagati ya “17” na “inomero imwe iyo ari yo yose” ni ikibazo c'ivyavukiyeimibareIkibazo c'imisi y'amavukaAbantu bangahe bakenewe kugira ngo babiri bashobora gusangira umusi w'amavuka, canke ukuzunguruka kungahe imbere y'uko inomero ishobora gusubira. Ku ruziga rw'utuzu 37, ukuzunguruka 8 kurakwira kugira ngo ugushoboka kurenze kimwe c'igice.Soma vyose → nyene: hari uburyo 37 bwo gutangara.
Agakuru ko gutwenga
Hari ikintu gisubiramwo kare. Ico kintu ni ic'impfindo.
Aho Twakuye
- Feller, W. An Introduction to Probability Theory and Its Applications, Vol. 1.
- Wizard of Odds. “Ask the Wizard”, ibibazo vyerekeye ruleti.