Ukuzunguruka kwa Ruleti Kutisunga Ukundi
Buri kuzunguruka gutangurira ku busa.
Ivyavuyemwo mu kuzunguruka kumwe nta co bihindura ku gukurikira. Iharura ryose riri kuri uru rubuga ryubakiye kuri ukwo kuri.
Ukudafatana bisobanura iki
p(itukura ku kuzunguruka kwa 2 | itukura ku kuzunguruka kwa 1) = p(itukura) = 18/37 ku nomero zitukuraitegoGitukuraItego rya rimwe kuri rimwe ku nomero 18 zitukura. Mu gifaransa: rouge.Soma vyose →. Kwisunga ivyahise nta co bihindura. Inomero zishusheumuganiInomero ishusheInomero yaje kenshi kuruta uko vyitezwe mu gihe ca vuba. Ku ruziga rutabogamye nta co ihanura.Soma vyose →, inomero zikanyeumuganiInomero ikanyeInomero itaraboneka mu kuzunguruka kwinshi. Nta co ibwira ku kuzunguruka kuzoza ku ruziga rutabogamye.Soma vyose → n'amabara “ageze igihe co gusohoka” ni insobanuro z'ivyahise, si ukuraguza, kandi kimwe cose cubakiye ku vyavuzwe vy'ikinyoma ko inzunguruka za ruleti zifatanye. Mu buryo bwa gihinga, ugushobokaimibareUgushobokaUgushoboka kw'ivyavuyemwo, kuva kuri 0 gushika kuri 1 canke 0% gushika 100%. Inomero imwe: 1/37 = 2,70%.Soma vyose → hamwe kw'urukurikirane urwo ari rwo rwose ni ugukuba ugushoboka kwa buri kuzunguruka, ari yo mpamvu yonyene ituma itegeko ryo gukuba riri ku rupapuro rw'ugushoboka ryemewe.
Ni kubera iki “inzunguruka za ruleti zirafatanye” ari ikinyoma mu vy'umubiri
UmupiraibikoreshoUmupiraUmupira mutoyi uterwa mu nzira uhushanye na rotor. Imipira y'ubu ikozwe muri ivorine canke Teflon, 18–21 mm.Soma vyose → uterwa n'ukuboko ku muvuduko uhinduka ku bice vya cumi vya metero ku isegonda; uzunguruka mu nzira ifise ugukwegana guhinduka hamwe n'umukungugu n'ubuhehere; ukubita kimwe mu bibuza umupiraibikoreshoIkibuza umupiraKimwe mu bintu vy'icuma biri kuri apron bisanza umupira ugwa. Kandi citwa: canoe, diamond, pin.Soma vyose → umunani ku ruhengekero rushirwaho n'ivyo vyose; usimba ku ruhome rw'utuzuibikoreshoUruhome rw'akazuUrugabane rw'icuma ruri hagati y'utuzu tubiri ku ruziga.Soma vyose →, kandi ingaruka yarwo ku mupira ugenda 1 m/s ni akajagari mu nsobanuro ya gihinga. Nta kintu na kimwe c'ivyavuyemwo vyabanje kigera muri ivyo vyose. RotoribikoreshoRotorIgice c'uruziga kizunguruka gifise utuzu.Soma vyose → ni yayindi nyene, ari yo hantu honyene ugufatana kwoshobora kwihisha, kandi ico ni co kibazo c'ukubogama kw'uruziga.
Ico bivamwo
Uburyo bwose bwo gutega bushingiye ku vyavuyemwo vyahise. Iyo ivyavuyemwo vyahise nta makuru bitanga ku kuzunguruka gukurikira, nta buryo nk'ubwo bushobora gutunganya agaciro kitezweimibareAgaciro kitezweIvyavuyemwo vy'impuzandengo kuri buri tego mu gihe kirekire. −1/37 c'amahera y'itego kuri buri tego risanzwe ry'i Buraya.Soma vyose → k'itego rikurikira. Iyo ni yo nsobanuro ya gihinga y'iciyumviro kirwanya uburyo bwo gutega, kandi ni co gituma impapuro z'ingendo zo gutega zishobora kwandikwa imbere y'igihe ku buryo butarahimbwa: icemezo ntigishingiye ku tegeko.
Igihe vyonanirwa
Gusa iyo uruziga ruba rubogamye mu buryo bw'umubiri canke uko croupier arekura umupira kukaba kumenyekana imbere. Ivyo ni ibiganiro vy'Ikibanza c'Ubushakashatsi. No ng'aho, ugufatana gushingiye ku vy'umubiri, si ku vyavuyemwo vyabanje: akazuibikoreshoAkazuKimwe mu bibanza 37 bifise inomero kuri rotor. Kandi bita: slot, cup.Soma vyose → kabogamye kagira ugushoboka kunini kuri buri kuzunguruka, si inyuma yo kumara igihe “gakanye”. Amakuru y'inzunguruka zabanje yoba ari icemezo ku ruziga, ico kikaba ari ikintu gitandukanye n'akarorero kari mu vyavuyemwo.
Ukudafatana ni iciyumviro ciyemerewe
Gukuba ugushoboka kwemewe gusa iyo ibintu bidafatanye, kandi uruziga rwa ruleti ruronka urwo ruhusha biciye ku vy'umubiri. Ahandi hose bitegerezwa kugenzurwa. Mu 1999, Sally Clark, umunyamategeko w'Umwongereza, yahamwe n'icaha co kwica abahungu biwe babiri b'impinja. Umuganga w'abana yabwiye abacamanza ko ugushoboka kw'impfu zibiri z'impinja mu muryango nk'uwiwe kwari 1 kuri miliyoni 73, igitigiri yari yaronse mu gukuba ubwaco 1 kuri 8.543, ugushoboka kw'urupfu rumwe. Gukuba ubwaco bifata izo mpfu zibiri nk'inzunguruka zibiri z'uruziga. Ariko abavukana basangiye irage ry'umubiri n'urugo, ku buryo inyuma y'urupfu rumwe rw'uruhinja, urwa kabiri rufise ugushoboka kunini cane kuruta urwa mbere. Royal Statistical Society yabivuze ku mugaragaro mu 2001, kandi igihano ca Clark caciwe ku nshuro ya kabiri y'ugusubiramwo urubanza mu 2003, inyuma y'aho ivyemezo vy'ubuganga vyari vyanyegejwe bimenyekanye. Hunacek (2025) akoresha iyo nkuru kwigisha itegeko uru rupapuro rwubakiyeko: kuba gusa ivyo bidafatanye.
Ukudafatana n'ameza ya RNG
Ameza ya porogaramu atora buri kivamwo biciye ku gikoresho gitanga ibitigiri vy'impfindo cemejwe, isuzumwa neza neza kuri iyo kamere: ukudafatana kw'ivyavuyemwo bikurikirana mu matora amamiliyoni. Uruziga rwerekanwa ruzunguruka ni ugushariza gusa. Ameza ya RNG yerekana ugufatana yokwankwa mu kwemezwa, kandi iryo suzuma rirakomeye kuruta iryo umukinyi uwo ari we wese yoshobora gukora.
Ibibazo
Si mu kazu kamwe. Kumbure, abigiranye ukudahinduka gukomeye, mu gice c'uruzigauruzigaIgice c'uruzigaUrukurikirane rw'utuzu dufatanye ku ruziga, rutandukanye n'umugwi w'inomero ku kibaho c'amatego.Soma vyose → kenshi kuruta uko impfindo itanga; raba ibimenyetso vya croupier mu Kibanza c'Ubushakashatsi. Amasitudiyo ahindura uburyo bwo kurekura umupira kugira ngo ivyo bibuzwe.
Mu gusesengura ukubogama mu nzunguruka ibihumbi, mu ciyumviro. Ku kuzunguruka gukurikira, oya.
Twinezwe n'Imibare
Banza ubigerageze wewe nyene. Inyishu yose irapfutse; yugurure igihe witeguye.
Itego rishizwe imbere y'ukuzunguruka kubiri riha rimwe kuri rimwe iyo inomero ya kabiri iruta iya mbere. Ukunganya kurahomba, kandi 0 iharurwa nk'inomero ntoya kuruta izindi. Ritwara iki ku ruziga rw'i Buraya?
Erekana inyishu
Inyishu 2,70% neza neza, ingana n'iya gitukuraitegoGitukuraItego rya rimwe kuri rimwe ku nomero 18 zitukura. Mu gifaransa: rouge.Soma vyose →.
Ukuzunguruka kubiri ntigufatanye, ku buryo inomero ya kabiri ifise ugushoboka kungana ko kuruta iya mbere canke kuba ntoya. Ikindi kintu conyene ni ukunganya, inomero imwe kabiri, ku gushobokaimibareUgushobokaUgushoboka kw'ivyavuyemwo, kuva kuri 0 gushika kuri 1 canke 0% gushika 100%. Inomero imwe: 1/37 = 2,70%.Soma vyose → kwa 1/37.
Rero itego ritsinda ku gushoboka kwa (1 − 1/37)/2 = 18/37, neza neza ugushoboka kwa gitukura, kandi ritwara 2,70% nyene.
Iyo worishira umaze kubona inomero ya mbere, coba ari ingabirano: inyuma ya 0 ritsinda incuro 36 muri 37. Ni co gituma itego nk'iri ritegerezwa kwugarwa imbere y'ukuzunguruka kwa mbere.
Agakuru ko gutwenga
Buri kuzunguruka gutangurira ku busa. Iharura ryose riri hano rivyubakiyeko.
Aho Twakuye
- Feller, W. An Introduction to Probability Theory and Its Applications, Vol. 1.
- Small, M. & Tse, C. K. “Predicting the outcome of roulette.”
- Hunacek, M. Quantitative Literacy Through Games and Gambling.
- Royal Statistical Society. “Statement regarding statistical issues in the Sally Clark case.”